Important Dissertation Topic For GIS/Important GIS Applications and Uses
1. Agricultural Applications: GIS can be used to create more effective and efficient farming
techniques. It can also analyze soil data and to determine: what are the best
crop to plant?, where they should go? how to maintain nutrition levels to best
benefit crop to plant?. It is fully integrated and widely accepted for helping
government agencies to manage programs that support farmers and protect the
environment. This could increase food production in different parts of the
world so the world food crisis could be avoided.
2. Environmental Impact Analysis: EIA is an important policy initiative to conserve natural resources and
environment. Many human activities produce potential adverse environmental
effects which include the construction and operation of highways, rail roads,
pipelines, airports, radioactive waste disposal and more. Environmental impact
statements are usually required to contain specific information on the
magnitude and characteristics of environmental impact. The EIA can be carried
out efficiently by the help of GIS, by integrating various GIS layers,
assessment of natural features can be performed.
3. Transportation Planning: GIS can be
used in managing transportation and logistical problems. If transport
department is planning for a new railway or a road route then this can be
performed by adding environmental and topographical data into the GIS platform.
This will easily output the best route for the transportation based on the
criteria like flattest route, least damage to habitats and least disturbance
from local people. GIS can also help in monitoring rail systems and road
conditions.
4. Urban Planning: GIS technology is used to analyze the urban growth and its direction of
expansion, and to find suitable sites for further urban development. In order
to identify the sites suitable for the urban growth, certain factors have to
consider which is: land should have proper accessibility, land should be more
or less flat, land should be vacant or having low usage value presently and it
should have good supply of water.
5. Accident Analysis and Hot Spot
Analysis: GIS can be used as a key tool to minimize accident
hazard on roads, the existing road network has to be optimized and also the
road safety measures have to be improved. This can be achieved by proper
traffic management. By identifying the accident locations, remedial measures
can be planned by the district administrations to minimize the accidents in
different parts of the world. Rerouting design is also very convenient using
GIS.
6. Telecom and Network services: GIS can be a great planning and decision making tool for telecom
industries. GDi GISDATA enables wireless telecommunication organizations to
incorporate geographic data in to the complex network design, planning,
optimization, maintenance and activities. This technology allows telecom to
enhance a variety of application like engineering application,
customer relationship management and location based services.
7. Flood damage estimation: GIS helps to document the need for federal disaster relief funds, when
appropriate and can be utilized by insurance agencies to assist in assessing
monetary value of property loss. A local government need to map flooding risk
areas for evaluate the flood potential level in the surrounding area. The
damage can be well estimate and can be shown using digital maps
8. Navigation (routing and
scheduling): Web-based navigation maps encourage
safe navigation in waterway. Ferry paths and shipping routes are identified for
the better routing. ArcGIS supports safe navigation system and provides
accurate topographic and hydrographic data. Recently DNR, s Coastal Resources
Division began the task of locating, documenting, and cataloging these no
historic wrecks with GIS. This division is providing public information that
make citizens awareness of these vessel locations through web map. The web map
will be regularly updated to keep the boating public informed of these coastal
hazards to minimize risk of collision and injury.
9. Determine land use/land cover
changes: Land cover means the feature that is covering the
barren surface .Land use means the area in the surface utilized for particular
use. The role of GIS technology in land use and land cover applications is that
we can determine land use/land cover changes in the different areas. Also it
can detect and estimate the changes in the land use/ land cover pattern within
time. It enables to find out sudden changes in land use and land cover either
by natural forces or by other activities like deforestation.
10. Landslide Hazard Zonation using
GIS: Landslide hazard zonation is the process of ranking
different parts of an area according to the degrees of actual or potential
hazard from landslides. The evaluation of landslide hazard is a complex task.
It has become possible to efficiently collect, manipulate and integrate a
variety of spatial data such as geological, structural, surface cover and slope
characteristics of an area, which can be used for hazard zonation. The entire
above said layer can well integrate using GIS and weighted analysis is also
helpful to find Landslide prone area. By the help of GIS we can do risk
assessment and can reduce the losses of life and property.
11. GIS Solutions in Banking Sector: Today rapid
development occurs in the banking sector. So it has become more market driven
and market responsive. The success of this sector largely depends on the
ability of a bank to provide customer and market driven services. GIS plays an
important role providing planning, organizing and decision making.
12. GIS based Digital Taxation: In Local Governments,
GIS is used to solve taxation problems. It is used to maximize the government
income. For example, for engineering, building permits, city development and
other municipal needs, GIS is used. Often the data collected and used by one
agency or department can be used by another. Example Orhitec ltd can supply you
with a system to manage property tax on a geographic basis that can work
interactively with the municipal tax collection department. Using GIS we can
develop a digital taxation system.
13. Wetland Mapping: Wetlands contribute to a healthy
environment and retain water during dry periods, thus keeping the water table
high and relatively stable. During the flooding they act to reduce flood levels
and to trap suspended solids and attached nutrients. GIS provide options for
wetland mapping and design projects for wetland conservation quickly with the
help of GIS. Integration with Remote Sensing data helps to complete wetland
mapping on various scale. We can create a wetland digital data bank with spices
information using GIS.
14. Detection of Coal Mine Fires: GIS technology is
applied in the area of safe production of coal mine. Coal mine have developed
an information management system, the administrators can monitor the safe
production of coal mine and at the same time improve the abilities to make
decisions. Fire happens frequently in coal mines. So it can assessed
spontaneous combustion risk using GIS tools.(Kun Fang, GIS Network Analysis in
Rescue of Coal Mine).
15. Assets Management and Maintenance: GIS helps
organizations to gain efficiency even in the face of finite resources and the
need to hold down the cost. Knowing the population at risk enables planners to
determine where to allocate and locate resources more effectively. Operations
and maintenance staff can deploy enterprise and mobile workforce. GIS build
mobile applications that provide timely information in the field faster and
more accurate work order processing.
16. GIS for Planning and Community Development: GIS
helps us to better understand our world so we can meet global challenges. Today
GIS technology is advancing rapidly, providing many new capabilities and
innovations in planning. By applying known part of science and GIS to solve
unknown part, that helps to enhance the quality of life and achieve a better
future. Creating and applying GIS tools and knowledge allow us integrating
geographic intelligence into how we think and behave.
17. GIS in Dairy Industry: Geographic Information
System is used in a various application in the dairy industry, such as distribution
of products, production rate, location of shops and their selling rate. These
can be monitored by using GIS system. It can be also possible to understand the
demand of milk and milk products in different region. GIS can prove to be
effective tool for planning and decision making for any dairy industry. These
advantages has added new vistas in the field of dairy farm and management.
18. Tourism Information System: GIS provides a
valuable toolbox of techniques and technologies of wide applicability to the
achievement of sustainable tourism development. This provide an ideal platform
tools required to generate a better understanding, and can serve the needs of
tourists. They will get all the information on click, measure distance, find
hotels, restaurant and even navigate to their respective links. Information
plays a vital role to tourists in planning their travel from one place to
another, and success of tourism industry. This can bring many advantages for
both tourist and tourism department.
19. Irrigation water management: Water availability
for irrigation purposes for any area is vital for crop production in that
region. It needs to be properly and efficiently managed for the proper
utilization of water. To evaluate the irrigation performance, integrated use of
satellite remote sensing and GIS assisted by ground information has been found
to be efficient technique in spatial and time domain for identification of
major crops and their conditions, and determination of their areal extent and
yield. Irrigation requirements of crop were determined by considering the
factors such as evapotranspiration, Net Irrigation Requirement, Field
irrigation Requirement, Gross Irrigation Requirement, and month total volume of
water required, by organizing them in GIS environment. (A. M. Chandra, S. K.
Ghosh, Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System)
20. Fire equipment response distance analysis: GIS can
be used to evaluate how far (as measured as via the street network) each portion
of the street network is from a firehouse. This can be useful in evaluating the
best location for a new firehouse or in determining how well the fire services
cover particular areas for insurance ratings.(Himachal Pradesh, Development
Report)
21. Worldwide Earthquake Information System: One of
the most frightening and destructive phenomena of nature is the occurrence of
an earthquake. There is a need to have knowledge regarding the trends in
earthquake occurrence worldwide. A GIS based user interface system for querying
on earthquake catalogue will be of great help to the earthquake engineers and
seismologists in understanding the behavior pattern of earthquake in spatial
and temporal domain. (A. M. Chandra, S. K. Ghosh Remote Sensing and Geographical
Information System).
22. Volcanic Hazard Identification: Volcanic hazard to
human life and environment include hot avalanches, hot particles gas clouds,
lava flows and flooding. Potential volcanic hazard zone can be recognized by
the characteristic historical records of volcanic activities, it can
incorporate with GIS. Thus an impact assessment study on volcanic hazards deals
with economic loss and loss of lives and property in densely populated areas.
The GIS based platforms enables us to find out the damage and rapid response
against volcanic activities may helps to reduce the effect in terms of wealth
and health of people.
23. Energy Use Tracking and Planning: GIS is a
valuable tool that helps in the planning organizing and subsequent growth in
the energy and utilities industries. The effective management of energy systems
is a complex challenge. GIS has enormous potential for planning, design and
maintenance of facility. Also it provide improved services and that too cost
effectively.
24. Utilities: The GIS is used for different type of
utilities like electricity, telecom and cooking gas on a daily basis and
utilities to help them in mapping, in inventory systems, track maintenance,
monitor regulatory compliance or model distribution analysis, transformer
analysis and load analysis.( Gulzara Mamazhakypova).
25. Desertification: Desertification is the land
degradation due to climatic variations or human activities. GIS can provide the
information of degraded land which can be managed by governmental agencies or
by the communities themselves. GIS plays a vital role to reduce the
desertification, the local governments are now widely depends on GIS for
reducing desertification. With location based GIS analysis we can find where or
which area is suitable for planting new vegetation and which area for the
pipeline construction.
26. Deforestation: Nowadays forest area is decreasing
every year, due to different activities. GIS is used to indicate the degree of
deforestation and vital causes for the deforestation process. GIS is used to
monitor deforestation.
27. Traffic Density Studies: GIS can effectively use
for the management of traffic problems. Today’s population along with the road
traffic is increasing exponentially. The advantage of GIS make it an attractive
option to be used to face the emerging traffic problems. By creating an
extensive database that has all the traffic information such as speed data,
road geometry, traffic flow and other spatial data and processing this
information will provide us the graphical bigger picture for the traffic
management.
28. Forest Fire Hazard Zone Mapping: Forest is one of
the important element of the nature. It plays an important role in the local
climate. Forest fires caused extensive damage to our communities and
environmental resource base. GIS can effectively use for the forest fire hazard
zone mapping and also for the loss estimation. GIS also help to capture real
time monitoring of fire prone areas. This is achieved by the help of GNSS and
satellite Remote Sensing.
29. Reservoir Site Selection: GIS is used to find a
suitable site for the dam. GIS tries to find best location that respect to
natural hazards like earthquake and volcanic eruption. For the finding of dam
site selection the factors include economic factors, social considerations,
engineering factors and environmental problems. This all information are
layered in the GIS.
30. GIS for Fisheries and Ocean Industries: GIS tools
add value and the capability to ocean data. ArcGis is used to determine the
spatial data for a fisheries assessment and management system. It is
extensively used in the ocean industry area and we get accurate information
regarding various commercial activities. To enhance minimizing cost for the
fishing industry. Also it can determine the location of illegal fishing
operations.
31. Development of Public Infrastructure Facilities:
GIS has many uses and advantages in the field of facility management. GIS can
be used by facility managers for space management, visualization and planning,
emergency and disaster planning and response. It can be used throughout the
life cycle of a facility from deciding where to build to space planning. Also
it provides facilitate better planning and analysis.
32. GIS for Drainage Problems in Tea Plantation Areas:
Drainage problem in tea plantation differ widely because of its varied nature
of physical conditions. Tea crop requires moisture at adequate levels all times
of its growth. Any variation either excess or lack has a direct impact on the
tea yield. This become greatly influenced the productivity of tea. Required
some hydraulic design to solve this problem such as design of drains, checking
the adequacy of the river and classification of water logged areas etc. GIS
helps to reduce the water logging by establishing well developed plans.
33. Collection of Information about Geographic
Features: GIS is not simply a computer system used for making maps. A map is
simply the most common way of reporting information from a GIS database. So
these systems are not only for creating maps but also most importantly the
collection of information about the geographic features such as building,
roads, pipes, streams, ponds and many more that are located in your community.
34. GIS for Public Health: GIS provides the cost
effective tool for evaluating interventions and policies potentially affecting
health outcomes. GIS analysis, environmental health data is also helpful in
explaining disease patterns of relationships with social, institutional,
technological and natural environment. It can be understand the complex spatial
temporal relationship between environmental pollution and disease, and
identifying exposures to environmental hazards. GIS can significantly add value
to environmental and public health data.(The application of GIS in
environmental health sciences: opportunities and limitations.)
35. Knowledge Based System for Defense Purpose:
Regular analysis of terrain is essential for today’s fast paced battlefield.
Conventional method of studying paper topographical maps is being replaced by
use of maps in digital form to get terrain information. It is increasingly
being used to derive terrain information from digital images. Which help to the
selection of suitable sites for various military uses more accurate and faster.
The uses of GIS provide information regarding the terrain features which can be
useful for planning today’s war strategies.
36. Pipeline Route Selection: Pipeline route planning
and selection is usually a complex task. GIS technology is faster, better and
more efficient in this complex task. Accurate pipeline route selection brings
about risk and cost reduction as well as better decision making process. GIS
least cost path analysis have been effectively used to determine suitable oil
and gas pipeline routes. An optimal route will minimize reduce economic loss
and negative socio-environmental impacts.
37. Site
Suitability for Waste Treatment Plant: There is an increasing amount of waste
due to the over population growth. This has negative impact on the environment.
With the help of GIS we can integrate various aspect layers in GIS and can
identify which place is suitable for waste treatment plant. This process will
reduce the time and it is cost effective. Also it enhances the accuracy. It
provides a GIS analyst to identify a list of suitable dumping sites for further
investigations. It also provides a digital bank for future monitoring program
of the site.
38. Infrastructure Development: Advancement and
availability of technology has set a new mark for professionals in the
infrastructure development area. Now more and more professionals are seeking
help of these technologically smart and improved information systems like GIS
for infrastructure development. Each and every phase of infrastructure life
cycle is greatly affected and enhanced by the enrollment of GIS.
39. Coastal Development and Management: The coastal
zone represents varied and highly productive ecosystem such as mangrove, coral
reefs, see grasses and sand dunes. GIS could be generating data required for
macro and micro level planning of coastal zone management. GIS could be used in
creating baseline inventory of mapping and monitoring coastal resources,
selecting sites for brackish water aquaculture, studying coastal land forms.
40. Crime Analysis: GIS is a necessary tool for crime
mapping in law enforcement agencies worldwide. Crime mapping is a key component
of crime analysis. Satellite images can display important information about
criminal activities. The efficiency and the speed of the GIS analysis will
increase the capabilities of crime fighting.
41. River Crossing Site Selection for Bridges: The
important geotechnical consideration is the stability of slope leading down to
and up from the water crossing. It is advisable to collect historical data on
erosion and sedimentation. On the basis of these information asses the amount
of river channel contraction, degree of curvature of river bend, nature of bed
and bank materials including the flood flow and the flow depth, all these can
be done in GIS within estimated time and accurately. This information has been
often used for river crossing site selection for bridges.
42. Land Use Changes Associated with Open Cast Strip
Mining: Mining is the back bone of the developing economy of any country.
Mapping, monitoring and controlling the impact caused by the mining activities
is necessary so as to understand the character and magnitude of these hazardous
events in an area. The data required to understand the impact of mining from
the environment is coming from different discipline, which need integration in
order to arrive hazard map zonation.
43. Economic Development: GIS technology is a valuable
tool used for the economic development. It helps in site selection, suitability
analysis, and for finding the right sites to locate new business and grow
existing ones. Within economic development, GIS is used to support the emerging
trend of economic gardening, a new way to foster local and regional economic
growth by existing small business in the community.( By Ahmed Abukhater,GIS for
Planning and Community Development: Solving Global Challenges)
44. Locating Underground Pipes and Cables: Pipe line
and cable location is essential for leak detection. It can be used to
understand your water network, conducting repairs and adjustments, locating
leaks known distance for correlating etc. Pipelines are continually monitored,
check for leak detection and avoid the problem of geo hazards.
45. Snow Cover Mapping and Runoff Prediction:
Systematic, periodical and precise snow cover mapping supported by GIS
technology, and the organization of the results in a snow cover information
system forms the basis for a wide range of applications. On the practical side,
these applications are related to the monitoring of seasonal and yearly
alterations of the snow cover under the presently existing climatic conditions,
to simulate and forecast runoff, to map the regional distribution of the water
equivalent, and to document the recession process of the snow cover during the
melting period in its relation to geological features.
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